La necesidad de la Enfermería Escolar: una revisión integradora de la literatura / The need for School Nursing: an integrative literature review

Introducción: La salud escolar debe velar por el bienestar integral de la comunidad escolar, fortaleciendo conductas de autocuidado y hábitos saludables a través de la promoción y prevención e investigación en salud. El abordaje holístico que define a la Enfermería hace que la inclusión de la enfermera escolar sea fundamental en los diferentes centros educativos. Objetivo: Analizar los beneficios del rol de la enfermería escolar en base a sus competencias para identificar la necesidad que supone la figura de la enfermería en los colegios.Metodología: Revisión integrativa de la literatura, cualitativa siguiendo las indicaciones de la declaración PRISMA. La búsqueda de las publicaciones se llevó a cabo en las bases de datos Web of Science y MedLine, seleccionándose aquellos artículos publicados en los últimos 5 años en inglés y español. Resultados: se incluyeron un total de 10 artículos. Su análisis muestra las competencias de la enfermera escolar, la perspectiva que tienen los docentes y los padres de la figura de la enfermera escolar, así como la necesidad que aporta a comunidad escolar. Conclusiones: La presencia de la enfermera escolar en los centros educativos garantiza tranquilidad y beneficios para la comunidad, no solo mediante actividades de prevención o asistenciales, sino también mediante estrategias de educación para la salud. Nuestra investigación ha recogido cómo pese a que existe un argumento firme y conciso sobre la importancia de esta figura continúa la lucha por su implantación. (AU)

Introduction: School health must ensure the comprehensive well-being of the school community, strengthening self-care behaviours and healthy habits through promotion and prevention and through health-related research. The holistic approach that defines Nursing makes the inclusion of the school nurse fundamental in the different educational centres.Objective: To analyse the benefits of the role of school nursing based on their remit to identify the need for nurses in schools. Methodology: Integrative review of the literature and qualitative review based on the indications of the PRISMA statement. The search for publications was carried out in the Web of Science and MedLine databases, selecting those articles published in the last 5 years in English and Spanish. Results: A total of 10 articles were included. Their analysis shows the remit of the school nurse, the perspective that teachers and parents have of the school nurse role, as well as the need it represents to the school community.Conclusions: The presence of the school nurse in educational centres ensures tranquillity and benefits for the community, not only through prevention or assistance activities, but also through health education strategies. Our research has revealed how, despite the fact that there is a firm and concise argument regarding the importance of this role, the fight for its establishment continues. (AU)

Effects of Myofascial Induction Therapy on Ankle Range of Motion and Pressure Pain Threshold in Trigger Points of the Gastrocnemius-A Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: The myofascial induction technique (MIT) has been shown to increase shoulder range of motion (ROM) in breast cancer survivors and decrease pain pressure threshold over the radial nerve in patients with epicondylalgia. To the authors' best knowledge, no study on trigger points and MIT has been published to date. The effect on ROM of latent trigger points is also unknown. METHODS: A total of 20 twins with one latent trigger point of the gastrocnemius muscle were evaluated pre- and post-MIT in the calf. We measured static footprint variables in a pre-post study. RESULTS: We found differences in PPT (p = 0.001) and no differences in ROM with knee flexed (p = 0.420) or stretched (p = 0.069). CONCLUSIONS: After Calf MIT, latent myofascial trigger points improve PPT but no change in ankle dorsiflexion with knee bent or knee flexed were found in non-restriction healthy subjects.

Life Habits of Healthcare Professionals during the Third Wave of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Spanish Hospital.

(1) Background: To describe sleep quality, eating behaviour and alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use among healthcare staff in a Spanish public hospital. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study examining sleep quality (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index), eating behaviour (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (R18)), tobacco and drug use (ESTUDES questionnaire) and alcohol use (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener). (3) Results: 178 people, of whom 87.1% (155) were women, with an average age of 41.59 ± 10.9 years. A total of 59.6% of the healthcare workers had sleep problems, to a greater or lesser degree. The average daily consumption was 10.56 ± 6.74 cigarettes. The most commonly used drugs included cannabis, occasionally used by 88.37%, cocaine (4.75%), ecstasy (4.65%) and amphetamines (2.33%). A total of 22.73% of participants had increased their drug use, and 22.73% had increased their consumption during the pandemic, with beer and wine accounting for 87.2% of drinks consumed during this period. (4) Conclusions: In addition to the psychological and emotional impact already demonstrated, the COVID-19 crisis has repercussions on sleep quality, eating behaviour and alcohol, tobacco and drug consumption. Psychological disturbances have repercussions on physical and functional aspects of healthcare workers. It is feasible that these alterations are due to stress, and it is necessary to act through treatment and prevention as well as promote healthy habits.

Burnout, resilience and psychological flexibility in frontline nurses during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) in Madrid, Spain.

BACKGROUND: In April 2020, Spain was the country with the highest number of patients infected by COVID-19 in Europe. The pressure on health care providers has had a direct impact on nurses and their mental health. AIM: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the causal relationship between resilience, acceptance, experiential avoidance, psychological inflexibility and burnout syndrome, all of which are measured with validated questionnaires. METHODS: This was designed as a transversal correlational study with nurses who worked during the acute phase of the pandemic in public hospitals in the Community of Madrid with patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in COVID-19 medical hospitalization units, emergency services and intensive care units. Google Forms was used to obtain an informed consent sheet, socio-demographic variables and the following questionnaires: 10 CD-Risk, Connor-Davidson Risk Resilience Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. RESULTS: The final sample included 375 nurses with a high number of consecutive days of direct exposure to an infected patient and a very high number of consecutive days without rest; almost 18% suffered from COVID-19. The nurses presented medium levels of resilience, medium levels of experiential avoidance and medium levels as measured for emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment and depersonalization. We also found a predictive correlation between all the dimensions of the burnout questionnaire in relation to the data obtained from the resilience questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: There is a direct and predictive relationship between the resilience that nurses had during the acute phase of the pandemic and their capacity for acceptance, experiential avoidance, psychological inflexibility and burnout syndrome. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The scores show the necessity to implement preventive measures to avoid fatal psychological consequences for nurses.

Intra and Inter-Observer Reliability and Repeatability of Metatarsus Adductus Angle in Recreational Football Players: A Concordance Study.

Metatarsus adductus (MA) is a congenital foot deformity often unrecognized at birth. There is adduction of the metatarsals, supination of the subtalar joint, and plantarflexion of the first ray. The aims of this study were to assess the intra and inter-reader reliability of the radiographic MA measurement angles used in the literature. Methods: All consecutive recreational football players who practice activity more than 5 h/week over 21 years of age with MA by roentgenographic evaluation on weight-bearing dorsoplantar images were included in a cross-sectional study. Controls were matched to cases according to age and gender. We assess all radiographic measurements to evaluate metatarsus adductus with the different measurements frequently used in the literature: Sgarlato, modified Sgarlato, Rearfoot, Root, Engel, modified Engel, Kite, Kilmartin, modified Kilmartin, Simons, and Laaveg & Ponseti. Results: The variables measured in 80 weight-bearing dorsoplantar foot radiographs show excellent reliability ranging p > 0.900 in Sgarlato and modified Sgarlato with low SEM, CV, and MCD. Rearfoot, Root, Engel, modified Engel, Kite, Kilmartin, Simons, Laaveg & Ponseti, and modified Kilmartin's angles showed intra or inter reliability with ICC lower than <0.900, systematic differences between intersession or inter observers, or high MCD value. Conclusion: It is more suitable to measure the MA angle with the Sgarlato and modified Sgarlato techniques to show higher reliability and repeatability for intra and inter-observer.

Commercial blood cell separation systems versus tube centrifugation methods for the preparation of platelet-rich plasma: a preliminary cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Clinical studies claim that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) accelerates tissue healing due to its high concentration of growth factors and that the combination with leukocytes improves the antimicrobial effect of the concentrate. Most of these studies obtained PRP using different separation systems, and few analyzed the content of the PRP used for treatment. This study characterized the composition of PRP and white blood cells (WBC) from a single donor produced by three commercially available PRP separation systems and two anticoagulated general analytical tubes. METHODS: Five patients donated 50 mL of blood, which was processed to produce PRP and WBC using three PRP concentration systems (i.e., Easy PRP Kit, GloPRP, and Wego) and two tubes for general analysis anticoagulated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and citrate. Platelets and WBC in combination with their concentrates were analyzed by automated systems in a clinical laboratory. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the average concentrations of PRP platelets and WBC between GloPRP and the tubes for general analysis with EDTA and citrate; however, the Easy PRP Kit gave results much superior to the rest of the methods, especially comparing it with the Wego Kit, whose concentrates were especially low, even nonexistent for WBC. CONCLUSIONS: The Easy PRP Kit concentrates WBC-rich PRP, resulting in increased WBC concentrations, compared with low WBC-low PRP of GloPRP and general tube methods for EDTA and citrate analysis and the even lower concentration of PRP from the Wego Kit, with the absence of leukocytes.

Use of the Barthel Index to Assess Activities of Daily Living before and after SARS-COVID 19 Infection of Institutionalized Nursing Home Patients.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the activities of daily living (ADLs) using the Barthel Index before and after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and also to determine whether or not the results varied according to gender. The ADLs of 68 cohabiting geriatric patients, 34 men and 34 women, in two nursing homes were measured before and after SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)) infection. COVID-19 infection was found to affect the performance of ADLs in institutionalized elderly in nursing homes, especially in the more elderly subjects, regardless of sex. The COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to having claimed many victims, especially in the elderly population, has led to a reduction in the abilities of these people to perform their ADLs and caused considerable worsening of their quality of life even after recovering from the disease.

Enfermedades de la mucosa oral en pacientes geriátricos con aerosolterapia: revisión bibliográfica / Oral mucosal diseases in geriatric patients with aerosol therapy: bibliographic review

Introducción y objetivos: El presente estudio se plantea describir las actividades a implementar para mejorar el tratamiento, tales como la prevención de lesiones orales, en especial, la micosis oral, en la población geriátrica en tratamiento con aerosolterapia. Metodología: Se ha llevado a cabo un proceso de revisión bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos electrónicas nacionales (CUIDEN) e internacionales (Cochrane y PubMed), que se ha completado con una búsqueda manual de guías de práctica clínica y motores de búsqueda, y con una búsqueda secundaria de artículos. Se han admitido publicaciones realizadas entre enero de 2013 y marzo de 2018. Resultados: La disminución de las dosis de aerosolterapia, la correcta higiene bucodental y la adecuada limpieza de los dispositivos de aerosolterapia se encuentran como actividades para el tratamiento y la prevención de las lesiones bucales, principalmente las candidiasis orales. Conclusiones: Se considera necesario realizar estudios homogéneos y centrados en la población geriátrica, sobre todo en la prevención de estas patologías, superando las limitaciones metodológicas encontradas

Introduction and objectives: This study aims to describe the activities to implement to improve the treatment as the prevention of oral disease, especially oral mycosis, in the geriatric population with aerosol therapy. Methodology: A bibliographic review process has been carried out in different national (CUIDEN) and international (Cochrane and PubMed) electronic databases, completing it with a manual search in clinical practice guides and search engines, and with a secondary search of articles. Publications published between January 2013 and March 2018 have been accepted. Results: The reduction of aerosol therapy doses, the correct oral hygiene and the adequate cleaning of the aerosol therapy devices are found as activities for the treatment and prevention of oral lesions, mainly oral candidiasis. Conclusions: It is considered necessary to conduct homogeneous studies focused on the geriatric population, especially in the prevention of these pathologies, overcoming the methodological limitations found

Evolución de úlcera digital por presión utilizando terapia plasma rico en plaquetas con coágulo / No disponible

La cura de úlceras plantea un problema tanto por su cronicidad como por el gasto económico que conllevan. Los estudios que se vienen realizando tratan de encontrar nuevas formas en la cura de úlceras de las distintas etiologías, entre estos estudios destaca la cura de úlceras utilizando plasma rico en plaquetas con diferentes formas de administración. Tras la lectura de diferentes protocolos y formas de cura, se decidió tratar a una paciente con una úlcera digital por presión crónica de 6 semanas de evolución, que no mejoraba con tratamientos convencionales. Se utilizó la técnica de cura mediante coágulo de plasma rico en plaquetas, se extrajo sangre periférica, se preparó el coagulo y se colocó sobre la úlcera con una cura de 5 días de duración. Los resultados obtenidos fueron muy satisfactorios y en pocas semanas la úlcera estaba completamente cerrada presentando una pequeña herida que se descargó y curó con antiséptico local

The cure of ulcers poses a problem as much for its chronicity as for the economic cost that they entail. The studies that are being carried out try to find new ways in the cure of ulcers of the different etiologies, among these studies highlights the cure of ulcers using platelet-rich plasma with different forms of administration. After the reading of different protocols and forms of cure, it was decided to treat a patient with a digital ulcer by chronic pressure of 6 weeks of evolution, which did not improve with conventional treatments. The technique of cure by clot of platelet-rich plasma was used, peripheral blood was extracted, the clot was prepared and placed on the ulcer with a 5-day cure. The results obtained were very satisfactory and in a few weeks the ulcer was completely closed presenting a small wound that was discharged and cured with local antiseptic